Rancho Cucamonga’s Outdoor Garden Wedding Venue. We are that hidden gem you've been searching for. We can be DIY or ALL-INCLUSIVE... it truly is your choice to host your wedding. We have ample spaces to host unique and unforgettable weddings on our beautiful 3/4 acre property.

An enchanting hilltop winery overlooking Temecula Valley Wine Country is the ideal destination for a memorable outdoor wedding; this famous wedding venue will impress you with its lush vineyards and the stunning Bel Vino Casita. At the hilltop ceremony area, guests are treated to 360-degree views of scenic mountains and valleys in Southern California. A stunning country paradise for a wedding with a beautiful combination of sophisticated flair, breathtaking settings, and epic photo opportunities; Bel Vino Winery is ideal for those who love the finer things in life.

The O Spa is a premier spa resort and wedding venue in Desert Hot Springs, California. This private resort offers the ultimate Californian escape, with beautiful mountain views and cabanas to relax throughout the wedding weekend. The spa features several odorless mineral hot springs. These springs have been used for spiritual cleaning and enjoyment by the Cahuilla Native Americans for hundreds of years, and continues to bring peace and serenity to resort visitors. The hotel was constructed in 1952, but has been recently renovated to include modern amenities without losing its vintage charm. Choose The O Spa (just 25 minutes from downtown Plam Springs) for a once in a lifetime wedding experience.

Here at the Lautner Compound, we pride ourselves on our commitment to making each wedding the very best it can be. Tracy Beckmann, the co-owner, interior designer, operator and wedding guru, has spent the last 12 years of her life creating this unique and world-renowned compound which is the perfect setting for your destination wedding. Imagine the wedding of your dreams in The Park, our 10,000 sq. ft. open-air event space; The Ranch House, our 1957 California bungalow furnished with beautiful outdoor lounge, bar, and dining areas; and The Lautner, John Lautner’s mid-century modern hideaway where you and your besties can stay and take the most incredible bridal photography.

Rimrock Ranch is a beautiful 36 acre ranch situated just outside Joshua Tree National Park in Pioneertown, California that was originally built as the weekend retreat for western actors like Gene Autry and Roy Rogers. The ranch consists of 4 rustic Cabins, retro-fitted Airstream trailers, a lodge and the internationally famous architectural masterpiece known as the Hatch House. The ranch is located just 2 hours from Los Angeles and 40 minutes from Palm Springs. Rimrock is the perfect getaway for those visiting Joshua Tree, Pioneertown or taking in live music at the world renowned Pappy and Harriet’s. Rimrock is also a serene location for weddings, retreats, film/photography shoots or celebrations of any kind.

The Lazy C Ranch is much more than a place to host your next sales meeting, wedding, birthday party, high school reunion, or other special event. We are an escape from the ordinary…an authentic working ranch with farm animals, horses, and ranch hands. At The Lazy C Ranch, we’ll ensure your gathering is distinctive, fun, and memorable.

Formerly, Frederick Loewe’s “Little Camelot,” this stunning, glass walled, 5000-sf estate can now be your mid-century modern desert domicile. Set on a boulder-strewn hillside amongst the mountains and palm trees, the estate offers unparalleled, 360-degree views of the San Jacinto Mountains, Coachella Valley, and extensively landscaped grounds. It is a private, self-contained special event venue, featuring four hotel style bedrooms with en suite bathrooms, private spa, pool, semi-exclusive tennis & pickleball court, waterfall, fountains, sculptures, original art and an authentic Palm Springs feel to the decor. The extensively landscaped grounds also feature a variety of entertaining options, with the expansive main lawn and 'the point'; lower lawn with sculpture water feature; two-tiered wood deck with unsurpassed views; and the upper lawn area and tennis court. The exquisite master suite is extremely spacious at over 700 sf -- the perfect setting for a Bridal Suite.

We offer several beautiful, private dining spaces perfect for exclusive gatherings of friends and family when celebrating life’s special moments, marking professional milestones, corporate and pharmaceutical events, or when simply avoiding fans and paparazzi. Having a larger event? Our restaurant is often utilized for complete buyouts for indoor outdoor progressive parties up to 350 people.

Named after pioneer Harriet Cody and situated in front of the rising backdrop of the San Jacinto Mountains, within walking distance of Palm Springs’ center, and under the open skies of the Californian desert, Casa Cody is a place that offers space or connection at the pace of your choice.

Korakia Pensione offers a unique and relaxing getaway from day to day reality. Crafted after a Mediterranean-style pensione, Korakia blends the silhouette of Tangier with a whisper of the Mediterranean. Begin the day with a full-cooked breakfast in the Moroccan courtyard. Soothe your soul poolside, seek healing through yoga or pamper yourself with our spa offerings. Curl up with a vintage book from the library lounge. Join a game of bocce ball or explore downtown Palm Springs on one of our bicycles. Relax and refresh with the Moroccan tea service each afternoon. Lanterns and fire-pits flicker, illuminating the heated pools at night. Classic and foreign films glimmer on a nearby screen. A Moroccan daybed beckons for stargazing. Nightly turn-downs are done in the European tradition. Come and see why Forbes Traveler named Korakia one of the “Sexiest Hotels in America.”

Penny Lane Ranch is a contemporary barn wedding venue located in Sky Valley, California. PLR sits on 5 acres, 3 of which are beautifully landscaped with more than 50 olive trees, 60 palm trees and endless mountain views. Located 25 minutes from downtown Palm Springs. Penny Lane offers a 2,200 sq ft barn with white interiors, 2 bedroom 2 bath house prefab house, 1 bedroom, 1 bath Casita and a salt water pool.

The Saguaro is that colorful hotel in the desert. There’s plenty of sunshine, a buzzing pool scene, and lots of local flavor. The 244 room hotel has multiple restaurants, bars, and meeting spaces — all of which surround a stunning pool location. Designed to reflect the colorful vibrant spirit of the Coachella Valley desert, the bold color palette is the work of renowned architects Peter Stamberg and Paul Aferiat, who have infused the property with hues that reflect indigenous desert flowers.

Knife/House is a luxurious, private paradise nestled in the heart of Palm Springs, and is the perfect venue for corporate parties, Coachella activations, private dinners, intimate weddings, and photo/film shoots. This stunning modern designer estate consists of a 3,500 sq. ft., four-bedroom, six-bathroom home and detached casita. The property is walled and gated, has on-site parking, and allows for flexibility in reconfiguring the furniture or delivering the space empty of all contents. Here are some property highlights: - Open floor plan with panoramic mountain views - Lush landscaping, mature fruit trees, and tall hedges along the entire perimeter for ultimate privacy - Two full kitchens, perfect for entertaining - Indoor dining for twelve, plus three outdoor dining spaces - Saltwater pool, in-ground spa, and fire pit - Instagram-worthy outdoor chess court and unique vignettes - Featured in HGTV, Hello, and Palm Springs Life magazines Send us an email for more info!

Venue 19 is a budget-friendly five-acre ranch in Joshua Tree, featuring a picturesque setting with Joshua trees and mountain views. Contact our on my Insta: venue_19. The venue offers a bridal runway with volcanic rocks, stunning sunsets, and easy access to Joshua Tree National Park. It has hosted music videos and fashion shoots, exuding an artistic ambiance in the mystical Joshua Tree landscape.

Welcome to the Jack Estate, Purveyors of Leisure's newest Estate Home. Featuring 10 bedrooms, 8 full bathrooms, and a huge pool on a large private 1.78 acre lot, this home was made for groups and entertaining! Just 7 miles and about a 15 minute drive to Palm Springs, this home was designed to accommodate large groups with ease.

Mission Hills Country Club is a scenic wedding venue located in Rancho Mirage, California. Offering some of the desert’s most breathtaking panoramic views, this dynamic country club will serve as the perfect romantic setting for your celebration of love. The staff is eager to pamper you with a distinct level of professionalism and service on your special day. Your wedding isn’t just your priority, but theirs’ as well. With state-of-the-art amenities and complete seclusion on the tranquil grounds, this venue provides a luxurious and exclusive Palm Springs experience.

Morada is an open-air wedding venue located in Joshua Tree, California. With 350 acres of untouched Mojave Desert, the estate offers soon-to-be-weds a chance to retreat from the hustle and bustle of the city. Any couple’s romantic event will be surrounded by picturesque mountain ranges and romantic sunsets during the evening, providing a stunning, photo-ready backdrop.

The HomeStead in Oak Glen is located in the foothills of the San Bernardino mountains. It's just a short jump off the 10 freeway on your way to Palm Springs. This charming and vintage property provides a welcoming atmosphere. From the backdrop of our heritage apple orchard to our tree-shaded reception area, it will be a day you will be proud to call your own. Here at the HomeStead we pride ourselves on not being copy and paste, each wedding here is built around the couples individualized style and vision. Due to our elevation (4,750ft), we have Season's! Our Spring is lush and green (last weekend of April thru mid-July). Summer is generally temperate (late July to August), and in Fall, the colors are eye-catching (September thru mid-November). Weddings are not scheduled from the last week in November through mid-April, but we are open for tours and visits throughout the year. We would love for you to schedule a tour so we can show you around!

Set on 100 manicured acres in a serpentine meander around a shimmering 25-acre lake, Desert Island was kept under wraps for the last 50 years and is now open to the public and available for celebrations. Nestled in the top floor of the clubhouse and offering floor-to-ceiling views of the course, the lake, and mountains beyond, Desert Island’s Ballroom, is set-ready for entertainment, performances and receptions with a music stage, dance floor, and lighting to meet any mood. Locations for wedding ceremonies include: the West Range, Fairway Seven, Fairway Nine, Palm Grove and the Northern Gallery. Need more space? The Penney, Founders Room, 9 1/2, The Southern Verandah, and Parlour are all available for additional buyout fees.

Welcome to Serendipity! You have just found your dream wedding venue. Voted NUMBER 1 Wedding Venue in all of Southern California, by Southern California Bride. Our all-inclusive wedding package makes planning your big day a breeze; we want you to enjoy this sweet season and not sweat the small stuff. Serendipity is rustic, elegant, and a stunningly beautiful location to celebrate your most special day, with the most special people in your lives. Come on in and take a look. You'll be blown away!

Sacred Oak is an outdoor rustic garden venue located in the IE region of southern California, offering ALL-DAY PRIVATE ACCESS with on-site bride/groom suites and dedicated reception sites for both mircoweddings (starts at $2,000) and larger scale events ($5,800), so you can pick the space that works best for your wedding day vision. With ancient Oak trees tucked amongst a vineyard, mountain backdrops and breathtaking views of the valley below, there are plenty of Pinterest worthy photo ops. Choose from one of our awesome preferred vendors or bring your own to create an experience that is distinctly you. You can even add on a magical horse and carriage bridal escort to make your grand entrance or lean into the rustic nature with a vintage tractor pull to transport your guests, creating a memorable experience all around. The opportunities are endless! For detailed information on what's included, date availability, tour scheduling and more, please visit our website (link below).

Welcome to Litchfield Hills Weddings and Events! A beautiful place to get married at a reasonable price. Here your wedding can be as simple or elaborate as your budget. We are now taking reservations for your 2023 wedding!

Set in the foothills of Oak Glen and next to a fine arts museum with 16-acres of stunning beauty and tranquility nestled in picturesque Cherry Valley, the Edward-Dean Museum is a storybook setting for your special day. The grounds offer several different options for your celebration. The scenic grounds have been the site of numerous weddings, receptions, banquets, retirements, concerts and other special events. From soothing fountains and ponds to a vine-covered arbor and the serenity of a rose garden, we have the ideal venue for your special day.

Windmill Canyon Ranch: A breathtaking and picturesque wedding and event venue that showcases the rugged beauty of the outdoors combined with modern amenities to create a truly magical setting for your special occasions. Nestled within the natural splendor of the canyon and surrounded by rolling hills, this venue promises an unforgettable experience for you and your guests. Whether you're envisioning a romantic outdoor wedding ceremony, a corporate retreat amidst nature, or a family celebration with a touch of rustic elegance, Windmill Canyon Ranch is the ideal venue for your special day. Embrace the beauty of nature and create cherished memories that will last a lifetime in this enchanting canyon oasis.

Come for an unforgettable experience at the edge of BIG BEAR LAKE in California. The Grey Squirrel Resort is a charming resort property with 19 rustic cabins situated throughout a three-acre, common recreation area. Built in the 1950s, the Grey Squirrel Resort is a family owned business that still maintains that wholesome quality that was established way back when. Many families have been coming here for decades. Those who came here as children, now bring their own children and grand children to experience the serene, peaceful mountain setting.

The Dream House is a true desert masterpiece – 5300 sqft of modern architecture juxtaposed by the rugged terrain of the Santa Rosa Mountains. Newly constructed, The Dream House was curated to be the ultimate luxury vacation venue with a secluded vibe, yet the convenience of a 5-minute drive to El Paseo in Palm Desert.  Perched mountaintop, you can bask in the large saltwater infinity pool overlooking the entire Coachella Valley. The Dream House has multiple lounging areas across the expansive property, providing ample space to sit back and enjoy a warm night under the stars. The front of this venue is an expansive yard with indoor/outdoor space, perfect for hosting large groups.

Welcome to The Ranch! This is Coachella Valley's desert oasis. We have been working on rebuilding this property for the last 4 years and are so proud and blessed to see the beautiful end result. From the Date Capital of the World, come stay here and enjoy our estate filled with over 40 Date & Fan Palms and endless views! Our kitchen provides the perfect space for catering, brunch and entertaining with not only our double island but also a kitchen to dining room bar service. The best part of living in the Coachella Valley is that every day can be a pool day. Enjoy our newly renovated outdoor pool as part of our venue. Come visits us! This is where your destiny awaits.

Owned by a famous host and designer, Casa Tierra is an exceptional wedding venue for many reasons. Its unique Spanish-style architecture, paired with modern, cozy touches, provides a beautiful and distinctive backdrop that adds natural elegance and romance to any celebration. You can dress it up as much, or as little, as you like. The spacious layout, spanning over 5,000 square feet with 7 bedrooms and 6.5 baths, allows for both intimate gatherings, and larger dinner parties under the golden desert light. The property’s seamless indoor-outdoor flow is ideal for a wedding; allowing ceremonies, cocktail hours, & dinners to take place outdoors against the desert landscape, while also offering perfectly curated indoor options for stunning photos. This flexibility enhances the experience, giving couples and their guests a variety of beautiful spaces to enjoy throughout the day. The mountainside location provides a sense of privacy and intimacy, creating an exclusive atmosphere.

Located on the north shore of Big Bear Lake, The Outpost is a stunning rustic getaway and wedding venue and just a two-hour drive from Los Angeles, Palm Springs and San Diego and only 55 miles from the Ontario International Airport. The Outpost provides the perfect backdrop for you and your partner to host the ultimate romantic wedding in an utterly tranquil space, surrounded by tall pines and the beautiful San Bernardino mountains. The Outpost boasts several locations for your wedding ceremony, cocktail hour and reception and its five cabins are comfortably decorated and fully stocked. Bring the area's breathtaking natural beauty into your celebration with a romantic outdoor ceremony. In the evening, gather around the fire pit and share memories from the day. The Outpost also provides get-ready rooms for you and your partner to relax and prepare for your big event. The Outpost is also a fantastic location for engagement parties, showers, and bachelor and bachelorette celebrations.

Discover the enchantment of our thoughtfully designed venue, encompassing a grand building, expansive lawn, multiple patios, a picturesque photo backdrop, and elegant suites for the bride and groom. Nestled amidst towering palms and the breathtaking desert landscapes, our space is an oasis from September through May, featuring nearly an acre of lush grass. The 3200 sq. ft. building accommodates up to 150 guests, seamlessly blending indoor comfort with outdoor splendor through three large roll-up doors that reveal the sprawling lawn and patio. Complete with dedicated bridal and groom suites, our venue focuses on making your special day about you, free from the stress of finding and booking a venue. Choose from our three simple packages, each curated to meet the needs of your special event, and book you're dream celebration with us today.

Morongo Golf Club at Tukwet Canyon offers a serene golf course setting with panoramic views and lush landscapes. The venue's elegant clubhouse and attentive staff provide a sophisticated backdrop for any wedding. With customizable packages and top-notch amenities, it's a premier choice for couples seeking a blend of nature and luxury.

Congratulations on your engagement! We would be honored to help turn your wedding dreams into reality. As a premium destination wedding venue, we offer personalized planning and attentive coordination, assisting with every detail – from the exquisitely curated dinner menu to the stunning floral arrangements and dramatic décor – to create a wedding that is as uniquely special as the love you share. For celebrating a destination wedding, nothing compares to the beauty and intimacy of the Indian Wells Country Club. Truly unrivaled to other wedding locations, Indian Wells Country Club’s wedding ceremony and reception is customized to reflect the couple’s unique style and taste.

The Pavilion at Chapman Ranch, located at Yucaipa Valley Golf Club, is one of the most picturesque wedding venues in the Inland Empire. Our picturesque location at the base of the San Bernardino mountains is attractive to couples from Riverside, Orange, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino Counties and great for those looking for a serene setting to gather family and friends while exchanging their heartfelt vows. Privately situated away from all golf activities, The Pavilion at Chapman Ranch brings together all the essential elements to make your wedding ceremony and reception, a special, unforgettable day.

Rasta Rita Cantina + Venue -- The coolest cantina in the desert! - Fully Renovated 1924 Building - Original Adobe Style Structure - Minutes for Joshua Tree - Private Venue and Cantina. Can be rented out separately or together. - Ceremonies at the Cantina - or in Joshua Tree National Park - Indoor / Outdoor location - dine + dance outside + move the party inside at 10pm - On Site Food Service - All You Can Eat Tacos - Rasta Rita Margarita Service Available - City Approved Administrative + Conditional Use Permit for Private Events and Weddings - Alcohol Beverage Control License Type 47 for On Site Sales - RV Parking with Hook Ups (Water, Gas, 35 Amp Electric, Cement Pad) for overnight Stays - Permit for Outdoor Live and Amplified Music till 10.00pm - Ample Parking - Ample Restrooms - Outdoor Fire Pits - Largest Outdoor Dance Floor in the High Desert - Partners to Major National Hotel Chains offering discounts to our clients

The Coachella Estate offers a breathtaking backdrop for any wedding or special event. The sprawling lawn, waterfall, and tranquil Koi pond offer stunning areas for your ceremony and reception. Each spot provides attractive photo opportunities, from a flower-filled arch under tall palm trees to a poolside dance as newlyweds.

Dear Guests, Welcome to the beautiful Coachella Valley! Greetings, we are excited to have you stay at our home and enjoy the peace, energy, and adventure that the desert offers. We have recently renovated our home in order to create an atmosphere that fosters relaxation, fun, and great memories. Whether you are checking in for some quiet R&R, hosting 200 guests for your upcoming wedding, or have a weekend of hiking planned with the kids, we hope this to be your home away from home as you make memories. Thank you for choosing to stay with us.

Our venue has the most stunning Mountain View for your ceremony and is surrounded by orange and avocado trees . We have a beautiful pond which is perfect for pictures and guests to enjoy, along with a covered barn that can accommodate up to 150 guests for an indoor setting . Our outdoor patio has beautiful market lights with that amazing Mountain View's and can accommodate up to 300 guests.

Welcome to The Mitten Building! Originally built in 1890 as the Haigh Citrus Packing House, it later served as the Mitten Letter Factory from 1940 to 1980. The current owners restored the building, appreciating its historical charm, including its sturdy brick walls, exposed rafters, and extensive wood features. Since 2000, our family has hosted a variety of unique events in its versatile spaces, including the multilevel Main Room, the basement Speakeasy Bar, and the Summerbell Room with its lovely Garden Patio. Our venue is ideal for any type of event—weddings, ceremonies, receptions, corporate events, private dinner parties, fundraisers, cocktail parties, live music, filming, and full venue rentals—accommodating up to 700+ guests. Let's schedule a tour and go over all the details for your wedding!

The Barton House of Redlands wedding and event venue is at the foreground of the beautifully renovated Barton House. The Barton House was built in 1866 as the second oldest brick building in the San Bernardino Valley. With its lush manicured lawn, breathtaking views of the nearby San Gorgonio Mountains and surrounding seasonal roses and trees, this historical gem is as unique as it's restored look. Imagine your perfect wedding day nestled in a cozy natural outdoor setting with fresh air, beautiful gardens, and an iconic structure in the background. In booking our venue you are provided access to the outside grounds, downstairs patio, bridal & groom rooms, parlor room, kitchenette, and two handicap accessible restrooms. We welcome vendors of your choosing that best fit your style and budget. Please contact us directly for any inquiries.

What once was a charming, neighborhood garden and nursery center located in Lake Arrowhead, California is now the mountain’s newest, family run Wedding and Event destination. Surrounded by cedar and pine trees and lush greenery, Miller’s Landing provides an enchanting space full of vintage elegance and rustic, laid back ambience. If the wisteria bridal walkway, an open outdoor space, two cocktail decks and separate dressing suites isn’t enough to make you fall in love, then let us tell you about the barn. With a newly built 60ft barn, we’ll be able to host the rustic reception of your dreams.

Nestled on 15 acres of Californian countryside, this property offers a wild and romantic landscape that is ideal for nuptials. Couples who choose to celebrate their vows here can expect an elegantly rustic experience embellished with modern facilities. Couples can choose to rent out this entire location for an intimate and private gathering with their closest loved ones.

You’re invited to experience our one-of-a-kind Rustic Natural forest wedding venue to discover the romance of nature with whispering pines and babbling brooks. The picturesque forest backdrops will make your wedding photos and videos absolutely stunning. Imagine your ceremony within a beautiful custom Log and Branch Gazebo, and at Pine Rose Cabins, you and your guests have lodging for the night of the event.

The Doubletree by Hilton San Bernardino is a full-service hotel wedding venue located in San Bernardino, California. With more than 10,000 square feet of flexible and versatile space to host your wedding, this classic venue is a one-stop shop. You and your guests can stay overnight at the hotel during the duration of the wedding events as the ceremony, reception, and rehearsal dinner can all be held at the same venue. Facilities and Capacity The Doubletree by Hilton San Bernardino accommodates up to 400 guests. The large ballroom is classically designed and ready to be transformed and customized to fit your wedding style and vision. The outdoor spaces can host your wedding ceremony and cocktail hour and are filled with beautiful trees and a pergola. The hotel has ample parking available and is wheelchair accessible. Couples may also use the hotel to host any pre-wedding events including a bridal shower and bachelor/bachelorette parties. .

Fast becoming the top venue in the Inland Empire, Marinaj Banquets and Events serves LA glamour for hosts who want trend-setting events. Our newest and existing venues are the perfect fit for celebrations of every kind – from Weddings to Birthdays, Corporate events to ceremonies, private parties and more. Our exceptional service, outstanding guest experience, and beautiful reception halls are the best backdrop to any event. Combines top-of-the-line technology with timeless ballrooms to recreate the trend-setting inspiration found on Pinterest. If you’re looking for a location that inspires event trends, outstanding reviews, and elegance without the huge expense – You Found the One.

Our 4,000+ sq ft banquet and venue space is located in one of the oldest and grandest buildings in San Bernardino. The Enterprise Building (formerly known as the Andreson Building), built in 1927 has gone through over 90 years of change. Now, under new ownership, renovation, and name, The Enterprise Building sets to spark the flame for the Downtown area by bringing office space and entertainment with unique experiences. The first phase commenced with the opening of the beautiful 320 Premier Hall. It's ready and waiting to host your next event: Wedding Receptions, Company Parties, Quinceañeras, Community Events, Banquets, Concerts, Anniversaries, Corporate Workshops, and more, in a unique and elegant chic styled room with high ceilings, great acoustics, and a fresh modern look.

At Hilltop, we will make your dream wedding come true. Just ask our brides. The Hilltop has been named Best Romantic Restaurant, Best Ambiance, and Best Event Planner in the Inland Empire. Known as one of the most prestigious establishments in the Inland Empire, we have elegant banquet rooms and private outdoor ceremony spaces overlooking views of the mountains and the valley. From full-service planning, exclusive custom menus, venue design and décor, and beautiful floral arrangements – the most important day of your life is also ours.

The Orchard by Wedgewood Events is an ideal fairytale escape. This outdoor-only event venue is ideal for weddings of all sizes. Your guests will love the tranquil lake, rustic charm, and back to nature vibe at this dedicated event venue. An enchanting lily pond, luxe pavilion & open-air kitchen create a timeless escape. The classic bandstand in the middle of the reflecting pool creates the ultimate wedding backdrop offset with a sparkling fountain and bistro lights.

From our unrivaled setting in the shadows of the San Bernardino Mountains to our renowned amenities and impeccable service, Shandin Hills Golf Club offers an unequaled locale for extraordinary weddings and superlative special events. Let our friendly, experienced wedding specialists create a one-of-a-kind wedding that complements your personal style, fits within your budget, and leaves you and your guests with memories to last a lifetime.