The Best Arabic DJs for Weddings in Comstock, MI

The Best Arabic DJs for Weddings in Comstock, MI

How do we sort results, including Sponsored Ads and personalized results?


34 Wedding Bands & DJs in Comstock, MI

Arabic or persian
Clear
Quick responder
Ace Wedding DJs 

4.9

  • DJ
  • Serves Comstock, MI

Owner Avery Echols began his DJ career almost by accident. His entry into the business began with managing music for a friend’s reception. At this point, Ace Wedding DJs was born. As Avery’s business grew, he brought in his brother Wes and best friend Landon Bell. Together, this talented trio works hard to bring the dreams of soon-to-be newlyweds to life. In addition to fueling the dance-floor and and crafting ambiance through music, the DJs also serve as MCs with natural ease and charisma. They ensure that introductions, announcements, and transitions run smoothly.

Awarded Best of Zola
My husband and I had been to several weddings with Ace Wedding DJs as a vendor, and several without. Let me tell ya, there is a big difference! We knew we needed Ace Wedding DJs for our wedding this past June and they did not disappoint! Our lead DJ, Avery Echols worked closely with our other vendors to make the night run so smoothly. My husband and I truly did not have to think about anything and could just enjoy the night! Avery also CRUSHED the vibes!! After letting him know our top priority was making it a party and ensuring our guests had fun, he kept the dance floor packed all reception. Our booking coordinator, Wes Echols, was also great to communicate with. He always had very quick responses, provided us with a comprehensive and thoughtful questionnaire for the ceremony and reception, and was overall very helpful. We could not recommend Ace Wedding DJs more!!
Ka’lee R., 7 months ago
Quick responder
Nicky Avalo Studios 

5.0

  • DJ
  • Starts at $1,400
  • Serves Comstock, MI

Nicky Avalo Studios (N.A.S.) is known for elevating the expectation and experience at every wedding, corporate, and private event all across the Midwest & the U.S. We have branches in cities such as; Omaha, Des Moines, Milwaukee, Chicago, and more. We offer services such as; DJ’s, Photo Booths, Videography, Photography, and Live Musicians (consisting of string quartet, harpist, violinist, cellist, and pianist) for every type of event. Our mission is to provide a unique and memorable experience to every client and every event we do.

Awarded Best of Zola
It was great working with Nicky Avalon Studios! Nicky was on track, organized, and communicative. We had Jerrett, DJ Redd, as our wedding dj. He was phenomenal. The music was perfect all night, he hyped up the crowd and even danced with us. We got so many compliments on our music.
Janessa M., 8 months ago
Quick responder
DG Visionaries 

5.0

  • DJ
  • Starts at $2,900
  • Serves Comstock, MI

Our team of Visionaries specialize in turning your visions into reality through professional, upscale video production, mobile DJ, photo booth, wedding planning, and live painting services. Weddings are our specialty and we pride ourselves on creating and capturing unforgettable memories. Our award-winning services serve Michiana, Indianapolis, and everywhere in between.

Awarded Best of Zola
DG Visionaries is the best! We originally met him at a friends wedding and was in the process of planning ours and new we weren’t going to find anyone better! He is great to work with, Super helpful and knows how to party!! He brought the energy we needed!! Our guest still talk about how amazing he was!
Kacie W., 2 years ago
Quick responder
Luniks Entertainment Inc 

5.0

  • DJ
  • Starts at $2,200
  • Serves Comstock, MI

Luniks Entertainment specializes in tailoring music to align with your individual style and musical preferences, ensuring that our DJs adeptly gauge the atmosphere to encourage your guests to engage and enjoy. Our comprehensive Wedding DJ packages encompass up tp 6 hours of music within the same room/space, featuring an extensive library of songs. Prior to your significant day, we engage in thorough consultations to align with your vision, discussing the timeline and curating a playlist for key moments. Leveraging various planning forms, we strive to orchestrate a seamless and memorable experience for your special day.

Awarded Best of Zola
WOW - we couldn't say enough positive things about Lunik's Entertainment. DJ Mero (Andres) absolutely NAILED our wedding. The dance floor was going all night long and we got so many compliments from all our guests. We said we wanted Miami vibes for our wedding and THEY DELIVERED. Daniel was incredible during the entire planning process - from speedy communication to being flexible on all our needs - I couldn't recommend them enough. If you're goal is for your wedding to be a party - go with Luniks!!!!! 10/10
Jackie S., 7 months ago
Quick responder
Direct Entertainment DJ-Photo-Video-Booths 

4.7

  • DJ
  • Starts at $845
  • Serves Comstock, MI

Choose your perfect wedding DJ, Photographer, Videographer, and Photo Booth with an entertainment company and name you can trust, GUARANTEED. We are as professional and fun as it gets, yet simple and AFFORDABLE. Let our team absorb your stress like a sponge! Since you'll be working exclusively with one company, your entire experience is guaranteed to be a breeze, and you SAVE $100 per service when bundling them.

Awarded Best of Zola
Direct entertainment LLC was just what I needed for my wedding a one stop shop! I was able to get my photographer Dave, Videographer Alex and DJ Chip all at one stop! All 3 were very friendly and accommodating! They discussed with me and helped me with the whole process! Very great to work with, just WONDERFUL!!
Crystal B., 5 months ago
Quick responder
BPM Entertainment 

5.0

  • DJ
  • Starts at $1,995
  • Serves Comstock, MI

Welcome to BPM Entertainment, the premier DJ, Photo Booth & Audio Guestbook provider for your special event! We take pride in making your big day memorable, unique, and tailored to your specific needs. Our team is led by Simeon, a professional DJ and MC with years of experience in the industry.

Awarded Best of Zola
From the moment we reached out to BPM Entertainment, we were impressed by their friendly, understanding, and creative approach. Their team was incredibly professional, adaptive, and meticulous in their work, going above and beyond to ensure our wedding day was perfect. Sim and his crew seamlessly integrated the sound system, expertly hiding lapel microphones and even purchasing a new white one specifically for the bride. They also added elegant lighting and music touches throughout the venue, including in the courtyard, truly elevating the atmosphere. Not only was Sim a fantastic hype man, keeping the energy high all night, but he maintained a classy, refined presence that complemented the vibe we were going for. We are so grateful to BPM Entertainment for their outstanding service and highly recommend them to any couple looking for a top-notch wedding band and DJ experience.
Joe E., a month ago
Quick responder
Stephanie Strings 

5.0

  • Solo performer
  • Serves Comstock, MI

Are you searching for the perfect blend of elegance, versatility, and extraordinary talent to make your wedding or event truly unforgettable? Multicultural electric violinist Stephanie Strings harmonizes classical elegance with popular music, creating unforgettable moments in weddings and events worldwide.

We were beyond thrilled with Stephanie as the musician for our wedding! From the very beginning, she was a pleasure to work with—so responsive, professional, and willing to answer all of our questions. Her communication was seamless, which made the whole process stress-free and easy. The music during our ceremony and cocktail hour was absolutely perfect. Her playing was simply stunning—elegant and emotional, it added such a special touch to our day. So many of our guests commented on how much they loved her performance, and we couldn't agree more. Whether you’re looking for someone to elevate the atmosphere of your ceremony or add something extra special to your wedding day, we highly recommend Stephanie. She truly helped make our day unforgettable with her talent and professionalism. Thank you for being such an important part of our celebration!
Camie G., 3 months ago
Quick responder
Dancetrax Mobile Dj Entertainment 

5.0

  • DJ
  • Serves Comstock, MI

Dancetrax is committed to creating the most beautiful & fun event possible for you and your guests. Along with providing Wedding DJ services, we are also event planners that help Brides & Grooms plan every facet of their wedding. Regarding music, we are open to your music choices and suggestions and we are very good at reading the crowd which always keeps the dancefloor packed. If you choose Dancetrax, your event will be what you expect... professional, beautiful, and most importantly fun.

Awarded Best of Zola
My wife and I found ourselves planning our wedding smack dab in the middle of several other family weddings over the past year. Each event we went to was an opportunity for us to critique details of the ceremony, reception, and design choices that were made. We often saw things that we borrowed for our own wedding, and just as often, identified things that were definitely not our style or that we would do differently. One thing we consistently noted, was that the reception could be made or broken by the music choices, sound quality, and general atmosphere created by the DJ. Todd was our first choice. He was quick to reply, always professional, and very accommodating with our many specific requests. It turns out, we hired Todd without even knowing that both of my wife’s sisters had hired him for their weddings 10 years before! Todd was great. He really made our day special. We kept saying that the one thing we cared most about was our guests having a great time. And each of them did. We had friends and family coming up to us all night saying that it was one of the most fun weddings they have been to. We attribute a huge part of that to Todd and Dance Trax. The music was fun and just the right volume. The sound quality wasn’t all distorted or washed out. And Todd did a great job of directing guests, coordinating around events like first dance, cake cutting, etc. I cannot recommend him enough.
Nelson, 9 months ago
Quick responder
Detroit Family Entertainment 

4.9

  • DJ
  • Starts at $1,000
  • Serves Comstock, MI

Detroit Family Entertainment offers the highest quality DJ services. Our team of designers has the knowledge and experience necessary to make you vision for your event a reality. Customer service is our top priority and we will do everything we can to ensure your complete satisfaction.

Awarded Best of Zola
We hired DJ Richie Rich as the DJ for our wedding, and we were so happy we did! His communication throughout the planning process was timely, friendly, and direct - he responded to emails quickly and was very easy to work with. The quality and value of his work was outstanding. He played fun, upbeat music that had literally everyone up and dancing all night long! He really went above and beyond to make sure we were happy and enjoying ourselves. He also got videos and photos throughout the night and shared them with us the next day! We would highly recommend him to any couple looking for a DJ who will bring energy, enthusiasm, and FUN to your special day!
Luka W., 5 months ago
TrendlineTrending
Wildside Entertainment By DJ ZIk 

4.3

  • DJ
  • Starts at $600
  • Serves Comstock, MI

We are professional entertainers with over 20 years of experience for weddings, parties, corporate events, birthday parties, trivia, and other celebrations. We enjoy making sure everyone is having a good time and keep the energy flowing in any atmosphere we are in. We are skilled at mixing music to engage the audience and have an extensive range of music to please all. We are equipped with a great sound set up and lighting system. We are very timely, professional, and outgoing. We look forward to making you a happy customer if you so choose us for your event!

Brian was amazing he did such a great job at our wedding had a bubbly personality we had Las minute changes and he was quick to change it around and no one even knew anything he definitely kept the dance floor flowing it was great working with him and would definitely hire him again if your looking for a dj for your wedding would recommend dj zik thank you again
Amber W., 2 years ago
Quick responder
Tommy DiGiovanni - Music Creations 

5.0

  • DJ
  • Starts at $1,150
  • Serves Comstock, MI
  • Offer

Music Creations has been one of Chicagoland’s top D.J. services since 1977. Started by Charlie DiGiovanni in 1977 and now owned and operated by Tommy DiGiovanni who has been a professional D.J. for over 3 decades. We remain successful by using top quality sound and lighting equipment and always playing to the audience.

We were thrilled with the services provided by Tommy DiGiovanni and Music Creations for our wedding. From our initial conversations, Tommy demonstrated a collaborative, detailed, and thorough communication style, taking the time to understand our music preferences and vision for the reception. On two separate occasions leading up to the big day, he spoke with my wife Elena and I to ensure he had all the necessary details to deliver an exceptional performance. The quality of Music Creations' work was truly professional and exceptional, and their services were also very affordable. We highly recommend Tommy DiGiovanni and Music Creations for all special occasions.
Christopher R., 18 days ago
Quick responder
DJ - A Better DJ And Photographer Nationwide 

5.0

  • DJ
  • Starts at $799
  • Serves Comstock, MI
  • Offer

BEST OF ZOLA award winner! We will make your reception fun for all of your wedding guests! We have provided top level DJ-MC services for over 26 years in budget friendly packages NATIONWIDE. We also offer spectacular wedding photography and HD Video. Visit our site and see over 1 million photos, thousands of reviews, and some great package prices. If you give us a call before you book your vendors you'll quickly learn why over 15,000 couples have chosen us to help make their special day magical. All packages include expert planning assistance, which will take away most of the stress associated with planning your wedding! Save thousands!

Awarded Best of Zola
A Better DJ and photographer is absolutely the best deal you can get for any of your events! The planning, the professionalism and the service is by far the best you can come across. Michael will answer your call at anytime, and if he misses your call he will get back to you asap! If you are looking for a photographer and DJ combo you will not only save thousands but you will save a ton of time.
Martin J., 7 months ago
Quick responder
Anna Hagen, Harpist 

5.0

  • Solo performer
  • Starts at $400
  • Serves Comstock, MI

When, I was eight, I announced to my parents, “I want to play the harp.” Their wisely cautious response was to give me a year of piano lessons! But once I got my fingers on strings, there was no looking back. Now I own six harps and play professionally for weddings, churches, senior care as well as arranging and recording. By mixing my years of classical training with my love of different genres I get to help people make memorable events with beautiful music. Meet me and the harps at my website.

Anna was an absolute dream to work with and a true highlight of our daughter’s wedding day. Her harp music added an unparalleled level of elegance and beauty to our lakeside ceremony. Every note she played was flawless and filled the air with an enchanting atmosphere that our guests can’t stop raving about. From our initial communication to the day of the event, Anna was energetic, interested, professional, accommodating, and clearly passionate about her music. She worked with us to customize the playlist, incorporating our special requests seamlessly into her repertoire. From Star Wars to Taylor…..Anna’s performance, delightful personality and contribution to the ceremony was exceptional. If you’re looking for a talented musician who will elevate your event to something truly magical, look no further than Anna Hagen. Her performance was worth every penny and more. Highly recommended!
Christine O., 2 months ago
Quick responder
Chicago Top DJ & Entertainment 

5.0

  • Production company
  • Starts at $1,500
  • Serves Comstock, MI

We began with a simple yet powerful vision: to revolutionize the way people experience events. Our journey started with a group of passionate individuals who shared a love for music, creativity, and making people happy. Today, we stand proud as a full-service company, specializing in DJ services, live music, photo booths, photography, videography, and state-of-the-art audio and stage equipment.

Awarded Best of Zola
We had the absolute pleasure of working with DJ John from Chicago Top DJ & Entertainment as our DJ for our wedding, and we couldn’t be happier with the experience! Planning: From the first consultation, the planning process was a breeze. John made everything seamless, walking us through every detail and ensuring that our vision for the big day came to life. Music & Playlist: The music was spot on! John nailed our preferences and curated the perfect playlist that kept the dance floor alive all night. The vibe was exactly what we imagined—fun, energetic, and inclusive of everyone’s tastes. Guest Experience: Our guests raved about how engaging John was. From the youngest to the oldest, everyone felt included, and it was incredible to see how well John catered to such a diverse crowd. Timeline & Coordination: One of the biggest highlights was how John helped manage the day’s timeline. He coordinated seamlessly with our other vendors, ensuring everything flowed effortlessly. This truly helped us relax and enjoy the day stress-free. Other Highlights: John was the epitome of professionalism and flexibility, accommodating last-minute changes without skipping a beat. His attention to detail and genuine passion for creating an unforgettable experience was evident throughout. We can’t recommend John enough! If you’re looking for a DJ who goes above and beyond to make your day unforgettable, look no further. Thank you, John, for making our wedding so memorable!
Cade, a month ago
Quick responder
MB Events - Weddings by Eric Jaeger 

5.0

  • DJ
  • Starts at $4,000
  • Serves Comstock, MI

Curating Unforgettable Moments Through Thoughtful Planning & Execution. At MB Events, Eric believes that every event is unique and deserves to be tailored to your vision. Eric will work with you every step of the way to create an unforgettable and memorable experience for you, your friends, and your family! MB Events specializes in creating the perfect atmosphere for any event. Whether you’re looking for a upbeat atmosphere, a more relaxed vibe or something in between, we’ve got you covered. Eric is an experienced and skilled professional that is dedicated to providing you with the best possible experience!

MB Events - Weddings by Eric Jaeger provided outstanding communication and planning for our wedding day. Eric was extremely fast and informative in all of his responses, making the planning process smooth and enjoyable. He demonstrated exceptional care and dedication in getting to know us as a couple and understanding exactly the style of music we envisioned for our ceremony and reception. One special touch was his idea to have us record videos expressing why we were perfect for each other, which he incorporated into a beautiful montage that was played during the reception. It was incredibly meaningful. Eric's personal investment in understanding our love story allowed him to make our wedding feel customized and special. I would highly recommend MB Events to any couple looking for a DJ / Entertainment Service who will dedicate time, care, and creativity to ensure your wedding day reflects your unique love and personality.
Amberly G., 5 months ago
Quick responder
Yazz Events 

5.0

  • Band or Ensemble
  • Serves Comstock, MI

Yazz Events has been bringing exciting music experiences for clients since 2010! Owned by Amy Yassinger, Yazz Events specializes in customizing musical options! Both party orchestras are led by women and play ALL genres of music from Top 40 to Country to Disco to Swing to Bubble Gum Pop to Sinatra, to 50s/60s/70s/80s/90s/00s to Motown to EVERYTHING in between: -Yazz Jazz the Experience (led by Amy) -Heat Wave Orchestra (led by Brooke) -Yazz Jazz Strings plays Classical/Romantic Pop/Disney/Movie Themes -Yazz Jazz Swings plays the Great American Songbook, Blues, R & B and more -Pro DJs/emcees!

Amy truly made our wedding extraordinary with a violin/cello duo. The music was amazing and had everyone in tears as this Kansas gal walked down the aisle to Somewhere Over the Rainbow.
Linda G., a month ago
Biossat Custom Productions 

5.0

  • Band or Ensemble
  • Starts at $2,000
  • Serves Comstock, MI

For the past 20 years, Biossat Custom Productions (BCP) has been a reputable and sought after live entertainment service and sound production company specializing in weddings, social, and corporate events. Including Sway Chicago, Biossat Orchestra, Speakeasy Swing, and Rythmique, Pivot Disc Jockeys, Chicago Gospel Choir, Biossat’s New Orleans Second Line Band & Sophistique Strings, we provide couples with a variety of musical acts for their ceremony and/or reception. BCP caters to a couple’s musical taste and envisioned feel. Our professional entertainers get couples and their guests celebrating all night long with dancing and singing.

We worked with Biossat Custom Productions to contract a harpist (for the ceremony) and a live band (Rythmique, for the reception) to play at our fall wedding with 120 guests, and we cannot highly recommend them enough. From start to finish, the Biossat team worked closely with us to understand and execute what music we envisioned for our wedding day, even helping to coordinate us doing a special performance with the band, which was such a special treat. We felt heard and respected throughout the entire process. We adored our harpist, and the live band Rythmique was PHENOMENAL!!!!!!!!!!! We had high expectations, but the instrumentalists and vocalists truly blew us away. My jaw was on the floor the entire evening. Their rendition of Superstition was *truly* life-changing. They kept the energy up and the dance floor rockin'. We received SO MANY compliments from guests about Rythmique and so many questions about where we found them. If you're looking to add a special touch to your wedding day that will keep the party going, look no further!
Alexa M., 3 months ago
Quick responder
Divergence Entertainment LLC 

5.0

  • DJ
  • Starts at $1,000
  • Serves Comstock, MI for additional fees

Welcome to Divergence Entertainment LLC – Spectacular Wedding Celebrations Since 2016! Based in Oxford, MI and proudly serving Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana, we always go above and beyond to make sure our couples experience a wonderful, stress-free wedding day with all expectations exceeded! We have been the architect of unforgettable weddings since 2016! We provide your song choices and happily accommodate every specific wedding detail. We're not just DJs; we're dream-weavers, turning your envisioned wedding into a reality.

Where do I even begin with Quinn? He went SO above and beyond just "making a playlist". Are a couple planning for a wedding, thinking - like we were - that we could just make a playlist and rent a speaker system and it would do the same thing as a DJ? You're wrong. Quinn did SO much more. He did a phone consultation with us a week before the wedding and made recommendations for things we didn't even think of. A song to play in the background while cutting cake? He had three off the top of his head. He was diligent of the timeline but flexible. He brought a sense of calm to the entire day by getting to the venue early, double checking the sound system, making sure that he was on the same page as the officiant, and keeping the wedding party on track. After the whole wedding party walked down the aisle, Quinn came and checked on me and my dad and - since we didn't have a planner/coordinator - he even did me the favor of fluffing my train before walking down the aisle. Quinn perfectly timed our grand entrance / first dance song. He read the room during the entire evening and - while we gave him a playlist of songs to help him understand the vibe we were going for - he played stuff outside the playlist when the reception called for it. He made announcements in a charming and welcoming way about the bar closing during dinner, toasts as they were coming up, and the private last dance. He even went around to each table to send them up for the buffet instead of announcing it over the mic. Quinn was the perfect DJ for us, but he was also so much more - he was an integral part of our day that I am so grateful to have found. Cannot recommend him enough.
Morgen P., 4 months ago
GemHidden gem
Cage and Aquarium 

3.7

  • DJ
  • Starts at $1,700
  • Serves Comstock, MI for additional fees

We are a collective of highly trained photographers and DJs. Our photographers combine natural portraiture with a creative documentary style to tell a unique story for each couple that chooses us. Masters of their craft, C+A's DJs specialize in turntable DJing, giving your event an authentic music experience.

My husband and I absolutely love Cage and Aquarium! We utilized them for both photography and DJ services on wedding day. As for our photographers, they were incredible in their photography skills but also in supporting us on wedding day. They helped make the day run smoothly and were efficient in coordinating things such as taking large family photos and enduring our travels around the city between the ceremony and reception. As for our DJ, he was also amazing. He kept the reception running smoothly and was so personable and professional. I couldn't have been more impressed with the music selection our DJ chose -- so many of our guests said that we had the most amount of people dancing at a wedding that they'd seen. I can't recommend C&A enough.
Claire M., 2 years ago
TrendlineTrending
Dancefloor Delight 

5.0

  • DJ
  • Starts at $1,500
  • Serves Comstock, MI

Welcome to Dancefloor Delight, the premier wedding DJ company dedicated to making your big day an unforgettable experience! Our team of experienced and professional DJs is committed to providing top-quality entertainment that will have you and your guests dancing all night long.

I recently hired Dancefloor Delight for my wedding reception and I couldn't be happier with their services! DJ Sean was incredibly professional and attentive to our specific music preferences, seamlessly transitioning between songs and keeping the energy high throughout the night. They even provided additional lighting to enhance the atmosphere of the dance floor. Our guests couldn't stop raving about how much fun they had and how great the music was. I highly recommend Dancefloor Delight for any wedding or event - they truly know how to create a memorable and enjoyable experience for everyone involved!
Lauren B., 2 years ago
GemHidden gem
The Good Kidds 

4.5

  • DJ
  • Starts at $1,500
  • Serves Comstock, MI for additional fees

A Chicago based DJ that has worked events in Los Angeles, Las Vegas, New York City, Miami, and Internationally. He likes to draw from from his roots in Houston, New Orleans and current home of Chicago to create a fun atmosphere for his clients. Graduate of Xavier University of Louisiana and Tulane University in New Orleans, this former social worker knows a good party.

DJ Chriss was so great to work with for my husband and I's wedding day. We really took our time to create a more modern wedding playlist from ceremony, to cocktail hour, and into reception as we wanted a more upbeat and lively atmosphere that is in sync with who we are as a couple rather than your standard classic wedding playlist we've heard over and over that we can't really dance to the way we would like. He listened to us and appreciated the list we sent over while understanding our taste and adding some songs to it throughout the wedding day that made for an amazing time that our guests can't stop talking about! -Kristin and Ryan Roberts 6.25.22
Kristin K., 3 years ago

Location flexible? Discover bands & DJs near Comstock, MI

About wedding bands & DJs in Comstock, MI

How much do couples usually pay for wedding music in Comstock, MI?

Live bands typically range from $350 to $18,500, averaging at $3,900. DJs range from $150 to $2,500 and average at $1,200. You can also book music for your ceremony only, starting at $100!

Ultimately, the cost will depend on the number of hours booked, and in the case of live bands, how many musicians are in the band.

Do bands and DJs typically play the entire party from start to finish?

It depends! 87% of bands and DJs in Comstock, MI cover cocktail hour and 86% will play for the ceremony, in addition to the reception. 70% offer services for the after party if you’re having one!

Do most bands learn new songs if you ask them to?

62% of bands in Comstock, MI will learn new songs! Make sure you ask about the lead time they need to learn and rehearse something new.

What are the most popular bands and DJs in Comstock, MI?

The most popular bands in Comstock, MI are Louis Pettinelli Entertainment, Felix and Fingers Dueling Pianos and Bluewater Kings Band. The most popular DJs are Hypeman Enterprises LLC, JR Event Group and Ace Wedding DJs.

What types of bands & DJs are in Comstock, MI?

What other Comstock vendors will I need?

What other bands & DJs are nearby?

What other wedding services are nearby?