The Best Editorial Wedding Photographers in Silver Creek, GA

The Best Editorial Wedding Photographers in Silver Creek, GA

How do we sort results, including Sponsored Ads and personalized results?


89 Wedding Photographers in Silver Creek, GA

Editorial
Clear
Quick responder
Merakiden Wedding Photography 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $2,000
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

"At Merakiden Photography, we capture the essence of your love story through timeless images. With years of experience in portrait and product photography, I bring a meticulous eye for detail and a deep passion for storytelling to every wedding I photograph. As the head photographer, my goal is to make you feel comfortable and natural in front of the camera, ensuring that your most cherished moments are preserved beautifully. Whether it's the joy in your smile, the sparkle in your eyes, or the quiet moments of reflection, I’m dedicated to capturing it all in a way that reflects your unique journey."

Awarded Best of Zola
Great Photography we are more than thankful to have Jeff take our photos. He does fantastic work and we highly recommend him and his team.
Brad H., 7 months ago
Quick responder
The Talented Photographer - Award Winning Photography. 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $2,000
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA
  • Offer

Hello! My name is Christian. Whether camera shy or not, my couples have a great time with me. I've documented over 1200 weddings leaving many happy clients across the world. I'm also a master in the wedding industry - I have a high-end team of wedding pros, some of them have won awards by Sony, Vogue, and other big names. Not to brag, but hands-down the best team in USA. There is no team like it and I invite you to take a look. What does this mean to you? an awesome experience + end up looking extra amazing in your wedding photos. It requires great direction, that's something you can't buy in other companies: and that's what sets up apart.

Awarded Best of Zola
The Talented Photographer was an absolute dream to work with for our wedding. From the very first interaction, Alec's communication style was fun, professional, and incredibly personable. He had a true passion for his craft that shone through in every interaction. The quality of Alec's work was absolutely stunning - we got a wonderful variety of candids, formal shots, and editorial-style pictures that captured all the special moments of our day. Alec has an incredible eye for the right shots, and the final photos are absolutely gorgeous. Despite a complicated location schedule that I was worried about, Alec made the whole day seamless, traveling to over 4 different spots to ensure we got all the groupings and special shots we wanted. Alec truly went above and beyond, and we had such a great time working with him. I'm obsessed with the pictures and would give him an 11/10 rating!
Michelle M., 3 months ago
Quick responder
HLS Photography GA 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $1,800
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

Hey There! I’m Hannah - an Intimate Wedding Photographer originally from the coast of Virginia but stumbled my way to the North Georgia Mountains which I now proudly call home! I love finding new adventures while exploring new places! I started my Photography journey capturing families but soon realized that my heart was completely drawn to capturing love & the bond that two people share! I describe my photography style as more Photojournalistic while being heavily focused on capturing more intimate/Romantic & candid shots! I enjoy capturing the small, yet sometimes unseen gestures & reactions between two people on their wedding day!

Awarded Best of Zola
HLS Photography GA was an amazing choice for our wedding photographer. Their communication was fast, great, and easy throughout the entire process. The quality of their work was perfect - the photos are genuinely beautiful and captured all the best moments of our special day. Hannah has a great eye for photos and every picture tells a wonderful story. She was a true helper, making us feel relaxed and happy during the shoot. You can tell she loves what she does, and that passion shows in the amazing photographs she produces. I would highly recommend HLS Photography GA to any couple looking for a talented, professional, and joyful wedding photographer.
Thamy, 7 months ago
Quick responder
Love Knot Photography 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $3,000
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

Hi, I’m Isaac. In my world, light is everything. The cool ambient hues at dawn, hinting at what the day may bring. Golden sun rays catching particles through a tree as friends gathers to celebrate. A Cotton candy sunset peppered by patio string-lights as a DJ plays my favorite song. We all have timeless memories logged in our minds. For me, they are based in a language of light. As a wedding photographer, this deep connection to special lighting helps me produce dynamic visual stories of romance, personality and beauty.

Awarded Best of Zola
We loved Isaac and his wife, Jing, who photographed our wedding earlier this month. Isaac was super calm and collected and on top of everything. His photography style was perfect for us. He already delivered about half of our retouched photos a week after the wedding which was insane and I love every single one. He was flexible with the 5 flower girls we had in and out of pictures and the multiple areas on our venue property. Overall an amazing experience and I recommend his work to anyone and everyone looking. He was very considerate when I first reached out about his work and wanted to use him and was very mindful of his travel fees to fit in our budget.
Madison R., 9 months ago
Quick responder
Chase Lanier Photography 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $2,500
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

I love the storytelling aspect of photography. Photographs allow us to freeze a moment in time so that it can be remembered and relived years down the road. I started my journey in photography over 20 years ago and I'm lucky that I'm allowed to help so many couples tell and retell their wedding story. Weddings are full of small moments that deserve to be captured and remembered. From the early morning laughter as the bride fights with the champagne cork to make mimosas to the tears rolling down dad's face during the first dance... Those are the things that drive me to wedding photography... Real moments. Real emotions. Real stories to tell.

Awarded Best of Zola
I couldn’t have imagined a better experience or more beautiful photos! Chase was amazing to work with - great communication from the initial booking through the final planning of wedding day details and follow up after the wedding day. He exceeded our expectations and was by far the best wedding vendor we worked with. We’re usually pretty camera shy but he made us feel so comfortable during our engagement shoot, we had so much fun and appreciated his vision and direction .. and the photos came out spectacular! He made our wedding day feel so effortless, captured all the moments that were important to us and worked so well with our friends, family and all our vendors seamlessly. We really appreciate how quickly he provided the sneak peak and full gallery without compromising quality. His passion and expertise truly shines through and we’re so grateful we got to work with him!
Jordyn, a year ago
Quick responder
Brandi-Lee Photography 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

I began this journey several years ago inspired by all the little moments going on around me. Photography has become one way I can express myself creatively while freezing a moment in time. I'm especially drawn to documentary & lifestyle photography as I love how natural the emotions are in the photos. There is a story to be told & I look forward to helping capture it on film.

Awarded Best of Zola
When we started wedding planning in late 2023 for our wedding in October 2024, I was seriously panicking thinking about all the different vendors we’d need to book. I knew we needed a photographer who was pretty flexible since we lived out of town from where we were planning the wedding, and that was Brandi to a T!! She was recommended by our wedding planner and I could not be more glad we chose her. She’s personable, kind, helpful, and an amazing photographer. She did our engagement shoot as well, and perfectly captured the spooky vibes we were going for and recommended the coolest photography venue to do them at. On the day of the wedding, she captured every moment so well with her second shooter, Valerie, and I’m so grateful to now have an entire album of beautiful wedding photos to look back on. She even sat down with my young nephew on the wedding day and let him take a few pictures with her camera. Just the sweetest person- I can’t recommend Brandi enough!!!
Rachel R., 25 days ago
Quick responder
505 Media Company 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $1,500
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

Hello! We are a husband and wife company. We have covered over 1000 weddings in less than 5 years all across the USA, Canada, and Mexico. We love to travel so much that we keep our prices affordable- giving us the opportunity to cover all over the USA (no travel fees). Our most popular package is our Red Carpet which gives our clients up to 10 hours of photo and video coverage, 505+ edits, and 2 wedding videos (with the whole ceremony). Check out our FB or Youtube for HUNDREDS of weddings we shot in the past.

Awarded Best of Zola
From the start, 505 Media Company's communication was fast, efficient, and thorough. Their work is simply incredible, top-notch photography and videography. They personally captured all of our most important details, and made us feel so comfortable throughout the day. We enjoyed having them there, and they were so sweet and kind to our whole family. Leading up to the wedding, they were incredibly thorough, asking all the right questions to ensure they focused on the things that mattered most to us. Even with our small micro-wedding, they knew exactly what they were doing and kept our timeline on track while allowing us to fully enjoy every moment. We couldn't be happier with the incredible service and value 505 Media Company provided on our special day.
Kayla S., 7 months ago
Quick responder
Anderson Marques Photography 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $1,900
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

Anderson has won over 500 award-winning photos and 15 trophies with his work. He is a wedding photographer renowned for his artistic approach. Each click of his camera captures the essence of the couple's love story, immortalizing their special day in enchanting frames. Anderson's signature style blends creativity and elegance as he masterfully composes his shots. His attention to detail is impeccable, ensuring that every element, from the delicate lace of the dress to the radiant smiles exchanged, is beautifully showcased. His use of light and shadow adds depth and dimension, creating a captivating interplay.

Awarded Best of Zola
Working with Anderson was a dream. The pictures he took perfectly captured the day, and they are GORGEOUS. We were very comfortable with him the day of and he directed us with ease. Fair price and communication was great. He also had a quick turnaround for photos, and even made a slideshow for us with a song just for us that really made the slideshow really special. Highly recommend Anderson :)
Beata K., 19 days ago
Quick responder
Bobbie-Anne Jordan Photography 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $3,500
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

Hi! We are the Bryants. We capture love for the offbeat romantics. While we both love photography and videography, Bobbie-Anne is usually the lead photographer with Nicholas as lead videographer. We love connecting with those who are in front of our cameras and building relationships that last. We are inclusive, affirming, and safe for all.

Awarded Best of Zola
I don’t know what we would do without Bobbie Anne. We first met her when we booked some family photos. We went on to book her for our engagement photos and our wedding. My sister has used her for family photos. And now my brother and sister in law used her for their wedding! Between Bobbie Anne and now Nick, these two couldn’t be a better pair both in life and at work. They are so much fun to work with and truly take the most incredible photos. They will forever and always be our go to photographers.
Aliyah S., 4 months ago
TrendlineTrending
Hellen CO Photos 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $3,000
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

Hey there! We are Hellen + Rafael and we are the photographer and videographer behind the lens! We have been married for 5 years and we love doing life together! That is why we joined our forces 5 years ago to create Hellen Oliveira Photography. We have a passion for capturing your special moments and making them last a lifetime! We are in Atlanta, GA - but we love to travel and will go anywhere to tell a good love story! Get to know us better and say hi!

Hellen and Rafael were the best wedding photography and videography duo that we could’ve possibly asked for! They were so accommodating and worked around all sorts of obstacles while still making sure to capture so many beautiful moments from our special day. The fact that they also spoke Portuguese was a huge blessing since my wife’s family is from Brazil. We were over the moon with the photos and videos, literally couldn’t be happier. I would recommend Hellen and Rafael to anyone for any of their photography and videography needs!!
Mike L., 2 years ago
Quick responder
MSMP MEDIA LLC 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $1,850
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA
  • Offer

Hi there! We’re Robert and Marisa Carter. Founders and owners of MSMP Media. A photo and Video Wedding company. With over 10+ years experience in the wedding industry we are as familiar as it get's with all things wedding 💜 We service select states, capturing our couples genuine joy, love and happiness across the nation and we love every minute of it! Our goal is to leave you with photos and/or videos that will bring back the feeling & emotions. Take a look at our gallery or visit our webpage portfolio under recent work. Don't be shy to connect, we love creating a fun filled experience, all are welcome!

Awarded Best of Zola
This couple photographer team was simply amazing. They were fun and put everyone at ease while taking beautiful photos. I’ve only gotten my sneak peek pictures, but I am in awe with how beautiful they made my entire family and wedding party look. They also did a great job getting candid pics of the bridesmaids and groomsmen’s getting ready as well as fun pictures at the reception. All the photos of the actual ceremony and posed pictures with family look amazing as well. I would absolutely recommend this team to anybody looking. A
Leigh A., 4 months ago
Quick responder
Captured By KP 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $1,000
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA
  • Offer

My passion for wedding photography stems from my love of storytelling. Weddings are filled with moments of joy, laughter, and love, and I believe in honoring every genuine connection and fleeting glance that happens throughout the day. Every couple has a unique story, and my goal is to help you relive yours for years to come through images that evoke the same emotions you felt on your wedding day. Being in Business for 6years with over 120 Wedding shot across the country.

KP was a fantastic choice for our wedding photographer. From the initial consultation through the big day, their communication was excellent - they were always responsive, friendly, and helpful in answering our questions. On the wedding day, the photographers were true professionals, blending into the background to capture all the special moments without being intrusive. The final photos were absolutely stunning and exceeded our expectations. We couldn't be happier with the value and quality of service provided by KP. Highly recommend them to any couple looking for a talented, personable photography team for their wedding.
Heena B., 9 days ago
Quick responder
Saylor's Grace Photo+Films 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $2,500
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

Hi there! I am so happy you are here! My name is Saylor and I am the owner of Saylor’s Grace Photo + Films. I have been photographing weddings for the past four years. I have grown an immense passion for capturing a story and cultivating timeless images! I absolutely love getting to know my clients and creating a lasting relationship with them. Making my clients feel comfortable in front of the camera is my number one priority. My style is timeless, documentary, and editorial. I would love to make your photo vision come to life! Send me a message and lets chat!

Awarded Best of Zola
Saylor's Grace PhotoFilms was an absolute pleasure to work with for our wedding. From the very first interaction, Saylor and her husband were quick to respond to all of our questions and provided helpful guidance throughout the planning process. On the day of the wedding, they were invested which I loved. Saylor and her husband got everything we wanted and more! Such high-quality photos that we will have forever. We cannot recommend Saylor's Grace PhotoFilms highly enough for any couple looking for a talented and professional photography team to document their special day.
Camille C., 17 days ago
Quick responder
Sumer Heath Photography 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $3,000
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

I pride myself and my work as a wedding and portrait photographer because I love what I get to do everyday when I get to serve my clients. My goal at the end of every wedding or session is to capture all of the most important moments along with the little ones in between. I am based in the low country and coastal empire serving Charleston, Bluffton, Palmetto Bluff, Hilton Head Island SC., Savannah, Isle of Hope, Richmond Hill, and St Simons Island GA. I also frequently visit Atlanta, Valdosta, Athens, Taccoa, Florida, and North Carolina. I genuinely love traveling all over the place and wouldn’t have it any other way!

We were thrilled with Summer Heath Photography for our wedding photos! Summer was extremely responsive throughout the planning process, always getting back to emails within a day with detailed information. On the big day itself, Summer did a fantastic job capturing all of the special moments while keeping everything running smoothly. She perfectly balanced taking charge to get the shots she needed while also making sure we were comfortable and having fun. The end result is a collection of professional, high quality photos that far exceeded our expectations. My husband and I will treasure these pictures for years to come. We'd highly recommend Summer Heath Photography, especially for brides looking for an advocate to help guide you through the photography side of your wedding!
Ashley M., 9 months ago
Quick responder
Chalyse Creative Design 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $2,500
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

I'm Chalyse (pronounced Shuh-Lees), the photographer behind Chalyse Creative Design. I relocated to SE Georgia in 2022 and am happy to travel to surrounding areas for weddings and events. As a military wife, a mom to three little boys, and a lover of all things family, my world revolves around the people I love. When I'm not photographing beautiful moments or managing mom life, you'll find me working out or at the beach—I'm always up for a beach session! Photography has always been my passion, driven by the belief that "You only regret the photos you didn’t take." I'm excited to capture your love story!

Awarded Best of Zola
Chalyse is an incredibly talented photographer! She’s extremely creative, a fantastic communicator and makes you feel super comfortable in front of the camera. I’m a pro makeup artist and owner of Decorated Seahorse Artistry and I have had the opportunity to not only have her photograph many of my brides, but to also be photographed by her. If you want all of your details to show up in your photos- for example: the beads or lace on your bridal gown, your makeup, and accessories that you may be wearing in your hair, know that ALL of these details will POP in your photos with Chalyse’s editing style. In regards to your makeup, if you are wanting a glam look or even a very soft and natural makeup look, both will show up in your wedding photos due to her editing style. Definitely book with her! I highly recommend her!
Dee, 3 months ago
Elegant Moments Photography 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $1,500
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

The passionate visionary behind Elegant Moments Photography, a photography business that goes beyond merely capturing moments; it's about creating timeless memories. Based In Atlanta Ga, Elegant Moments Photography turns your special moments into visual stories that will be cherished for a lifetime. My journey into the world of photography began with a deep-seated love for the art, but it was my fascination with the profound emotions and unique stories that unfold during weddings that truly ignited my passion. There's something magical about capturing the essence of love, joy, and commitment on a couple's most significant day.

Awarded Best of Zola
We were incredibly fortunate to have Marchon and his team as our wedding photographer and videographer. From the beginning, they were down-to-earth, professional, and exceptionally accommodating. They matched our vibe perfectly and treated us, and our special day, with the utmost care. I've heard countless horror stories from other brides who were disappointed with their wedding photos and videos, but I am beyond grateful that our experience was the complete opposite. Marchon captured our moments beautifully, creating memories we'll cherish forever. If you're looking for a photographer who truly cares and delivers stunning results, look no further than Marchon and his team.
Jasmine C., 8 months ago
GemHidden gem
Kens Cotton Photography 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $1,650
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

As a USMC veteran, I’ve developed a strong sense of discipline, attention to detail, and a deep commitment to my work. These qualities naturally translated into my passion for wedding photography, where I can capture the genuine, unscripted moments that truly define a couple’s day. I’m drawn to telling real stories through my lens, ensuring each moment, big or small, is remembered authentically and beautifully.

Mackensie was the perfect photographer for our wedding day. Her work is exactly what we were looking for - creative, artistic, and able to capture all the raw, candid moments throughout the day. Mackensie was incredibly professional, interacting positively with our guests and made everyone feel comfortable with getting their photos taken. She was also very timely in getting our full gallery of photos back to us, which we absolutely loved and appreciated. We couldn't be happier with the beautiful memories Kens Cotton Photography helped create for our special day.
Morgan, a month ago
Quick responder
Paul Ashton Photography 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $1,200
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

Hi, I'm Christy I'm a Southern gal, born in Louisiana and raised in Georgia. My family tried their best to teach me how to follow the family creole recipe but my heart has always been with Mexican food. Sorry to my ancestors, lol. Allow me to create stunning images of you and your partner by taking all the guesswork out of the day. I'll capture every important emotion from your first look to your final farewell. Your investment in me secures a skilled and educated photographer, to whom you have 24/7 access for any reason whatsoever.

Awarded Best of Zola
Paul Ashton Photography was the perfect choice for our wedding day. From the very first phone call, she was relatable and down to earth, making us feel comfortable and at ease throughout the entire process. Their affordable pricing and quality work exceeded our expectations - the photos they captured are absolutely stunning. They went above and beyond, encouraging us to try out creative pose ideas and even made a list beforehand of all the family members we wanted to get pictures with. Thanks to their professionalism and attention to detail, we have beautiful memories to cherish for a lifetime without the stress that can come with our big day! Thank you again Paul Ashton Photography!
Sam Y., 7 months ago
GemHidden gem
Gee Q. Photos 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $3,500
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

My photography business is built on the foundation of capturing life’s most meaningful moments with authenticity and creativity. Specializing in weddings, events, & portraits, I provide a personalized approach to each client, ensuring their vision is at the heart of every session. I pride myself on delivering high-quality images that not only document the occasion but also evoke the emotions and memories tied to it. With a focus on professionalism, attention to detail, & creating a comfortable environment, my goal is to make every shoot a seamless & enjoyable experience, resulting in timeless photos that clients can cherish for years to come.

Gee Q. Photos was an absolute pleasure to work with for wedding. Their communication throughout the planning process was fantastic - they were always quick to respond to our questions and kept us well informed on the timeline and schedule. The quality of their work was exceptional, consistently delivering high-quality photos that beautifully captured all the special moments of our big day. They helped put us at ease in front of the camera and provided guidance to ensure we got amazing shots that showcased how smoothly everything was going. We couldn't be happier with the end results and would highly recommend Gee Q. Photos to any couple looking for a talented and professional wedding photography team.
Gorby, 5 months ago
GemHidden gem
Amber Victoria Photography 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $4,500
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

Amber’s ability to capture the honest, meaningful and organic emotions of the day makes her one of the most sought after wedding photographers. She has spent years crafting a unique one of a kind experience for her clients with a combination of digital and film images. Her signature photography style is best described as chic, timeless and natural. She believes a wedding day should be documented through the eyes and heart of her clients, capturing the fleeting moments that they never want to forget.

To say I am obsessed with our wedding photos would be an understatement. Amber truly surpassed all of my expectations and I could not be more thankful for all of her guidance. Amber made the entire photography experience feel extremely natural and un scripted. I honestly couldn’t believe how amazing my husband and I looked in our photos. I’ve never loved photos of myself and I was blown away! I highly recommend Amber to everyone looking for an incredible wedding photographer
Robert&Anna B., a year ago
Quick responder
Amanda Beth Photography, LLC 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $3,000
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

I am a wedding and portrait photographer in North Georgia/Atlanta area. The foundation of my business is to cultivate meaningful, purpose-filled interactions with my couples, while creating a beautiful memory you can hold on to forever. Weddings are one of the most important days of your life and it deserves to be documented with intentionality, fun, and excellence!

Awarded Best of Zola
Amanda was absolutely amazing! She had so many ideas for different posses. Her attention to detail and professionalism meant that we were able to relax. My husband and I know that our wedding pictures are in good hands! Thank you Amanda so much! We will definitely be In touch for family pictures!
Hannah & J., 3 years ago
GemHidden gem
Tracey & Martin Photo Co. 

5.0

  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $3,000
  • Serves Silver Creek, GA

Hi there! We’re Tracey-Ann and Martin, wife and husband photography team, and we’re ready to capture the fun and romance of your wedding day. We’ve been documenting love stories for 14+ years (and happily married even longer!) and, along with beautiful photos, our intention is to infuse your day with pure joy! Partners in life and business, we use our synchronicity to document your day and to capture those special candid moments that make your wedding unique.

My husband and I are so incredibly grateful to have met and worked with Tracey and Martin. Not only are they incredible photographers, but wonderful human beings as well. Their positive energy and passion for what they do shines through in their work and in the way that they treat their clients. All of the pictures they took captured our special day perfectly and the slideshows they put together had both myself and my husband tearing up. My husband and I are not super into taking pictures and tend to feel a little bit awkward, but Tracey and Martin made us feel relaxed and at ease for all of our photos. We can't say enough good things about the two of them and strongly recommend Tracey and Martin to anyone looking to an amazing photography team! :)
Nina, 4 years ago

Location flexible? Discover photographers near Silver Creek, GA

About wedding photographers in Silver Creek, GA

How much does a wedding photographer typically cost in Silver Creek, GA?

A Silver Creek, GA wedding photographer ranges from $100 to $8,000 and averages at $2,200. The cost reflects the number of hours included, if there is a second photographer, any prints or albums, and, most importantly, the experience of the photographer. But every snapshot they take is a priceless memory of your big day — way better than your bestie's blurry smartphone pics, right?

Do most photographers include a second photographer?

94% of photographers in Silver Creek, GA offer a second photographer, although it typically depends on the package you book! Second photographers are helpful because one person can’t be everywhere at once, and the second photographer ensures all the details are covered.

Which are the most popular photographers in Silver Creek, GA?

Some of the most popular photographers in this area include John Michael Photography, Imagesxpert Media and Ashley Cynthia Photography.

What else should I keep in mind when booking a wedding photographer?

Are you interested in an engagement shoot as a test run? Drone photography? Wedding albums? All helpful things to ask about when you’re considering which wedding photographer to book!

What types of photographers are in Silver Creek, GA?

What other Silver Creek vendors will I need?

What other photographers are nearby?

What other wedding services are nearby?