Editorial Wedding Photographers in Glen Dale, WV

Editorial Wedding Photographers in Glen Dale, WV

How do we sort results, including Sponsored Ads?


24 Wedding Photographers in Glen Dale, WV

Editorial
Clear
Quick responder
SS Imagery 

5.0

Fairmont, WV
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $3,800

I'm Sydney, the owner of SS Imagery! I am a West Virginia native. I have always been fascinated with the camera! Since 2015 I have had a camera in my hands constantly as I worked as yearbook staff and as chief editor in high school. Because weddings always captivated me, I'm now following my dreams of being a professional wedding and portrait photographer with my fiancé beside me! Jay works full time in the medical field, but second shoots and assists during weddings! I began pursuing weddings by shooting for experienced photographers in the area. Now, I run a full time wedding photography business with help from her fiancé, Jay, beside me.

They were so amazing for my wedding. Very easy to work with and made my wedding day fantastic!
Megan, 3 years ago
Quick responder
Empowering You Photography 

5.0

Coraopolis, PA
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $3,000
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV

I'm Emily - a Pittsburgh-based wedding photographer set on capturing intimate, joyful, authentic, & emotional photos. I want you to look back on your wedding photos not just love the way they look, but I want you to remember what the moment felt like. My hope is for you to feel the way your loved one hugged you as they gave you away, to laugh as you look back at the best man giving his speech...every captured moment has a feeling. I will do my best to stop those moments in time for you to experience forever. I am witty, goofy, sarcastic, open-minded, & honest. I will be your ultimate third wheel.

Awarded Best of Zola
Emily is incredible. She is like no other- her work is incredible, timeless, and beautiful but the best thing about working with her is the way she makes you feel. She is the kindest, most generous and thoughtful person you will ever meet. Emily has shot my wedding, engagement session, family pictures and graduation pictures and I feel so honored she chose to capture these precious moments in my life. She has made each of these moments unforgettable because of how incredibly talented, kind and loving she is. Her work is perfect, and if I could have her shoot my whole life I would !!
Lily Weaver , 3 months ago
Quick responder
Love Knot Photography 

5.0

San Francisco, CA
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $3,000
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV
  • Offer

Hi, I’m Isaac. In my world, light is everything. The cool ambient hues at dawn, hinting at what the day may bring. Golden sun rays catching particles through a tree as friends gathers to celebrate. A Cotton candy sunset peppered by patio string-lights as a DJ plays my favorite song. We all have timeless memories logged in our minds. For me, they are based in a language of light. As a wedding photographer, this deep connection to special lighting helps me produce dynamic visual stories of romance, personality and beauty.

Awarded Best of Zola
We loved Isaac and his wife, Jing, who photographed our wedding earlier this month. Isaac was super calm and collected and on top of everything. His photography style was perfect for us. He already delivered about half of our retouched photos a week after the wedding which was insane and I love every single one. He was flexible with the 5 flower girls we had in and out of pictures and the multiple areas on our venue property. Overall an amazing experience and I recommend his work to anyone and everyone looking. He was very considerate when I first reached out about his work and wanted to use him and was very mindful of his travel fees to fit in our budget.
Madison R., a month ago
Quick responder
Anna Elisabeth Photography 

5.0

Lexington, KY
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $2,500
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV

I specialize in capturing authentic moments and genuine emotions through a storytelling + editorial style approach - I celebrate the beauty of moments that sing, people who dance, and the essence of love. I can promise every shot will tell a tale that lingers in the heart! I cannot wait to tell your story!!

My newly minted husband and I were over the moon from the initial contact with Anna Elisabeth. She is an excellent listener with a superb sense of capturing our wishes in her photographs. We had an unusual experience in that we wanted to capture both of our faith traditions on different days and different geographical areas in the same state. Anna Elisabeth professionally and respectfully photographically savored these traditions beautifully with her photographic gift. She was present and her presence was professionally and discretely demonstrated. Her keen sense of recording precious moments was one of storybooks.. from having the pictures of the bride's mother place, her once veil (when the mother was married 57 years ago) to having the groom's mother putting a family heirloom bracelet on to capturing the special wink given by the groom when he first saw the bride walking down the aisle with her father. All these moments were special at the time and Anna Elisabeth captured them beautifully and discretely. Communication is very important to us, and Anna Elisabeth was professional, prompt and demonstrated honest integrity throughout the entire process. We are providing her a 5 star rating but she is off the charts and anyone who uses her will understand why she should be rated a 10!
Mark C., 2 days ago
Quick responder
Josie Rene Photography 

5.0

Fairfax, VA
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $2,000
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV

Hey there, I'm Josie, and over the past six incredible years, I've had the privilege of documenting countless beautiful moments, from heartfelt weddings to vibrant events. My goal is to create a visual narrative that speaks to the hearts of those who look at my work. I pour my heart and soul into every shot! So, whether it's an intimate elopement or a grand celebration, I'm here to craft images that reflect the true essence of the day. Let's turn your special day into an everlasting masterpiece.

We found Josie through a facebook group when searching for a last minute photographer for our spontaneous courthouse wedding. Josie was such a sweet soul and was so excited to be a part of our day. Within such short notice, she coordinated meeting time, researched the area for photo ops, and was ready with so many poses for us. She even agreed to be a witness for our ceremony! Working with her during the shoot was a joy. She was very fun and upbeat, making it an even more enjoyable experience. And the pictures turned out AMAZING! So so thankful for Josie and would recommend her to anyone looking for a dedicated photographer who will give you the most beautiful photos.
Akina, 16 days ago
Quick responder
Illusions Weddings by Angela & Michelle 

5.0

Finksburg, MD
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $3,000
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV

Illusions Weddings is a photography team. Michelle graduated from Arizona State University with a Bachelors Of Fine Art In Photography in 1999. While living in CA she worked for a Hollywood Photo studio for 4 yrs. Upon moving to Colorado she worked at a wedding and portrait studio. Angela is a self taught photographer. In her youth she dabbled in modeling. This taught her posing, angles and finding the light. She is a classically trained visual artist in many mediums. Through that she learned to understand human form. 15 years ago she opened a face and body painting business and added photography shortly after.

Awarded Best of Zola
Have worked with Angela many times now because once you find someone who consistently delivers, regardless of the changes in you or what you’re looking for over time, you don’t look elsewhere! She’s intuitive, creative and captures the very essence you hope for when you just trust the process. Cannot recommend her enough!!! 100 stars!
Jennifer, 7 months ago
Quick responder
505 Media Co 

5.0

Kissimmee, FL
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $1,500
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV

Hello we are a husband and wife company. We have covered over 1000 wedding in less than 5 years all across the USA, Canada, and Mexico. We love to travel to so much that we keep our prices affordable giving us the opportunity to cover all over the USA (no travel fees). Our most popular package is our Red carpet giving our clients up to 10 hours of photo and video coverage, 505+ edits, and 2 wedding videos (with the whole ceremony). Check out our FB or Youtube for HUNDREDS of weddings we shot in the past.

505 Media Co was the best vendor my husband and I had for our entire wedding. They were so communicative, reliable, professional, willing to work with us and I can not recommend them enough. They produced beautiful work and took all of our feedback into consideration. I am so so happy that we decided to work with them!! They were willing to travel to Upstate New York and seemed so excited to do so, we just can not thank them enough!!
Annalee W., 6 months ago
Quick responder
Tillie Lee 

5.0

Pittsburgh, PA
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $2,200
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV

Hey - I’m Tillie! Does someone putting a camera in your face make you cringe? Me too! I know having your photo taken can be awkward and uncomfortable. I take my time to get to know my clients and their photo goals prior to any session. Whether you need photos to welcome a new season of life, showcase your business, or just a confidence boost - let’s chat and see if we’re a fit :)

We cannot say enough positive words about tillie and the work she did for our wedding!!! She was amazing!! From the very beginning of hiring her she was available and communicative and listened to all our needs and wants for our pictures and at the end they were perfect! She was even adaptable to parts of the wedding that were a surprise to our guests and we forgot to inform her that they were happing and she was able to capture those moments! She sent us a little preview of our pictures right away for us to enjoy as she worked on the others. I as the bride also had a slight issue with how my hair turned out and though most people wouldn’t have noticed, to me it was a huge deal and she was able to edit out the hair in the pictures to make it exactly how I wanted! The wedding website she set up was beautiful organized and easy to navigate for us and our friends and family. Would highly recommend using Tillie for any event you have!
Alex C., 9 months ago
Quick responder
Chelsey Rae Evans Photography 

5.0

Zelienople, PA
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $3,000
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV

At Chelsey Rae Evans Photography, we offer intimate elopements, wedding celebrations, and engagement sessions. My goal is to create an elevated experience using intentional artistry and an editorial style that allows you to feel your best self while finding joy in effortless moments. I'm very easy going, and you'll never be pressured to be anyone but yourself! If you cherish your wedding day photos and want moments that wow while making you feel your natural, beautiful self, then we're the right fit! Think of documentary photos that set the scene and tell a story in a fashion-forward way.

John and I got engaged in our hometown but decided to do a destination wedding. We found dozens of photographers but Chelsey's photos really stuck out to us because it was exactly what we wanted. We reached out and she got back to us the next day (We messaged her at like 11 at night). From there on, she personalized the entire experience for us, all the way from meeting for the first time, planning our style and what we wanted, down to the exact fine details of specific shots that we wanted (And many more that she recommended) . I had no idea how detailed photography can be! But when our pictures came back, I simply could not believe the level of attention she took. Chelsey is not just great at what she does, she's very friendly and is truly genuine in caring about the people she works with. Girl... if I can nominate you somewhere, let me know. I'll fill that form out immediately! :)
John & E., 2 months ago
Quick responder
Shawnee Custalow Studios 

5.0

Richmond, VA
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $4,700
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV

We are passionate about photographing kind-hearted people who are unapologetically themselves, and creating a safe and beautiful space in the wedding world for LGBTQ+ folx. Our favorite people to work with believe in giving back to their communities, that black lives always matter, that climate change is you know...real, and choose to embrace their own unique quirks and talents.

Awarded Best of Zola
Shawnee was an unbelievable photographer and such a special part of our wedding weekend. From the moment we reached out to her to getting our pictures, she has been incredibly communicative, easy to work with, and deeply kind. She made us feel so at ease and taken care of at our Rehearsal Dinner and on our wedding day. She not only allowed us to be our fullest selves but also encouraged capturing us in ways that felt authentic and not stuck in expected wedding photos or gender roles. She captured our guests so beautifully too, particularly the kids who were in our wedding. Everyone's personalities shone through so wonderfully and the picture are absolutely stunning. We cannot believe how many and how incredible each and every photo is. We cannot recommend Shawnee enough!
Sasha F., 2 years ago
January Skies 

5.0

Washington, DC
  • Editorial style
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV

I have the most amazing memories from childhood of being cuddled up with my Granny going through old pictures. The joy and nostalgia that came from those old film photos where everything. My favorite part was always looking up at my Granny as she got lost in each individual memory, seeing her face shape shift in moments of grief over the past and then instant joy because she knew that she could relive that moment as long as she had those photos. Every time I pick up my camera I strive to create tangible moments that will last a lifetime.

We had the absolute best time with Sy'Vone for both our engagement and wedding photos. She is kind, patient, and has an incredible eye. She understood what I wanted for my wedding photos and even created a vision board so I could verify it (the vision board is also in and of itself just beautiful). Not only did we love her, our guests loved her. Everyone came up to me and said how wonderful she was. I can't thank you enough!
Caroline H., a month ago
Quick responder
Sarah James Photography 

5.0

Baltimore, MD
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $2,900
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV for additional fees

My name is Sarah James Middleton, and I am a Wedding and Boudoir Photographer located in the DMV area. I am obsessed with capturing love. I strive to find the little moments and capture them so you can hold onto them forever. Love and a little magic go a long way to making your day better than you imagined. I'm here to document the real, the raw, and the romantic. Let's make something magical together.

Awarded Best of Zola
We had so much fun with Sarah the day we took our engagement photos. Her editing style consists of a various amount of different aesthetics. Some pictures we got back had this really cool blurry effect on them which made them look very whimsical. Well others were a classic black-and-white that we used for our invitations, she’s a hype- woman and definitely can show you how to pose when you feel uncomfortable!
Alexis B., a month ago
Quick responder
Saige Mateo Photography 

5.0

Aspen, CO
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $1,600
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV for additional fees
  • Offer

My name is Saige and I'm a photographer from New York and residing in Colorado mostly. I love traveling and doing adventuring photography, I've been on the road for about 7 years exploring and traveling and photographing weddings for about 10 years. I graduated from Colorado Mountain College with my photography degree back in 2015. I Love to travel and am a perfect match for the laid back couples!

Awarded Best of Zola
She is such a great photographer. She is very nice and always captures those special moments.
Kyler, 9 months ago
Quick responder
Lucia Giuseppina Photography 

5.0

Snohomish, WA
  • Editorial style
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV for additional fees

My style is rooted in a editorial and documentary approach, allowing me to narrate your unique love story through timeless images that capture genuine emotions. I prioritize unscripted moments, such as the reaction of your spouse as you walk up the aisle, the inside joke that makes you break out in laughter or the tears as your loved ones share thoughtful memories during toasts. These intimate details hold immense significance to me. As your photographer, I bring a heartfelt and genuine perspective, ensuring that your wedding day is portrayed in a way that truly reflects you and preserves the memories you'll cherish forever.

Awarded Best of Zola
My fiancé and I loved working with Lucia! She did an engagement photo session with us, and the whole experience was fantastic from beginning to end. She set up a video call to get to know us, get a sense for who we were and what we were looking for, and then was super helpful and communicative when picking a location for the shoot. She was able to share sites she had used before with photos from those locations, and she shared input from other photographers on locations we thought of that she hadn't used before. When we started looking for a photographer we were apprehensive about the whole thing because we're both by nature pretty awkward in front of a camera, but she made us super comfortable and you can tell how relaxed we were when looking at the photos. We genuinely had family members say "now that's what I think of when I picture you two" when they saw our photos. She even asked for some of our favorite music and had it playing when we started, which was super thoughtful! For the shoot itself, she gave us plenty of direction but was also really collaborative and open to any of our ideas for poses or shots or areas of the location to use. We were worried on the way to the shoot because it was rainy when we first showed up at the park, but right away she had ideas for how to still find usable areas and took some great shots, and even had some clear umbrellas that made for a cute look. When the rain let up, we were able to get some wide shots that really took advantage of the location and she did a fantastic job of editing out the groups of oblivious sightseers that walked into frame. The photos definitely capture us as a couple and showcased the location we chose. After the session we got our preview gallery back in record time. She told us she was going out of town on a family trip a few days after our shoot but she'd get our preview turned around before she left so that we didn't have to wait, and she totally delivered (and probably 3x the amount she promised, so she even overdelivered). We got the full gallery back exactly when she said, and they all look amazing; we loved the experience and the photos we get to share with family and friends.
Baylee W., a year ago
Quick responder
Jenni Summer Studios 

5.0

Carlsbad, CA
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $5,000
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV for additional fees

Jenni Summer Studios specializes in dreamy, intimate destination weddings, portraits and fashion editorials through fine art imagery & editorial story-telling. Headquarters in Southern California. Available in San Diego/LA, Oahu-Hawaii & Colorado with no travel fee. Available worldwide for travel & destination weddings.

Awarded Best of Zola
I am a wedding ​p​lanner and luxury picnic designer here in San Diego ​and I have had the pleasure of working with​ ​J​enni many, many times! ​Jenni is unlike any other wedding ​p​hotogrpaher out there​! ​J​ennni goes above and beyond her clients needs and on top of it she is the baosulte SWEETEST kind hearted soul I know! She is so selfless and very talented! 20/10 reccomend! BOOK RIGHT NOW! :)
Tiffany B, a year ago
Quick responder
Anna Schmidt Photography 

5.0

Washington, DC
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $7,500
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV for additional fees

I'm a DC-based luxury wedding photographer with 13 years of experience. Published in magazines like Vogue & Brides, I focus on photographing expertly designed & coordinated events & take on a limited number of weddings per year. I am very intentional in my approach, but I also aim to make your experience comfortable, fun, & stress-free! My vivid signature editorial photography style is a blend of modern portraiture & candid photojournalism, and my images are light-filled, romantic, & elegant. It is my ultimate goal to capture the joy you experience on your wedding day so that you can relive that feeling through your photos for years to come.

Awarded Best of Zola
Anna is absolutely incredible! From our first interaction to even post wedding she has been a dream to work with. Anna is someone you can trust with anything! Not only was she an amazing photographer capturing both our engagement and wedding photos, she was also there to provide advice and even vendor recommendations. (she was the foundation of our dream team!) We can't thank her enough for all that she has done for us and for capturing the most beautiful memories. She is the BEST!
Kaitlyn F., 5 months ago
GemHidden gem
Wed By Lou 

5.0

New Brunswick, NJ
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $4,000
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV for additional fees

At WedByLou, we understand that your wedding day is a deeply personal and emotional experience. Our team is dedicated to providing a high-quality service that is both professional and empathetic. We will always treat you and your guests with the utmost respect and care, and we are dedicated to creating beautiful and timeless memories that you will cherish for a lifetime. 10. If you are searching for a wedding photography and cinematography service that will capture the romance and elegance of your special day, look no further than WedByLou.

Awarded Best of Zola
So far Lou has shot our engagement, our wedding, our restaurant opening, our baby shower, and most recently our food menu & family photos! We love Lou, always professional & a great eye for detail. Will hire again. And again. :)
Shealyn C., a year ago
Quick responder
Bogdanov photography 

5.0

Chicago, IL
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $2,500
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV for additional fees

Bogdanov Photography is a wedding photography business located in Chicago, Il. This company serves the city of Chicago and surrounding areas while also being open to covering other United States destination weddings. Originally from Crimea, owner and operator Svyat has photographed over 600 weddings during his career in various places around the world. With his focus on candid emotions and heartfelt interactions, he will work to give couples tailor-made wedding albums a beautifully candid tone.

Awarded Best of Zola
Our wedding photos are the most valuable collection of items we have from our wedding thanks to Svyat. He was incredible on the day. Looking like a guest himself he merged into the background yet still seemed to capture the most magical moments of our day. We will be forever grateful and thankful to Svyat. From the moment we met him, he was so welcoming and made the whole journey leading up to our wedding a joy, which made the day even more wonderful. Thank you Svyat for your kindness, incredible talent and beautiful work.
Irine & J., 10 months ago
Quick responder
Wayward Wanderess Photography 

5.0

Asheville, NC
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $2,850
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV for additional fees

Hi! My name is Jacqueline and I've been in the photography industry for almost a decade. I believe that when I pick up my camera, I am there to tell a story. On your wedding day, I am there to document a new chapter of your love story. I capture all the intimate moments of your day, and then some!

Awarded Best of Zola
Nailed both sides of the coin with detailed/expert in her passion, and also great with onsite personality and style while shooting. Recommend!
Joel, a year ago
Quick responder
Kandi Kam Photography 

5.0

Huntsville, AL
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $750
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV for additional fees

Kadijah "Kandi" Oliver is a native of Ozark, Alabama. She graduated from the University of South Alabama and serves in the military. She is the lead photographer at Kandi Kam Photography. She specializes in portraits, weddings, engagements, real estate/commercial properties, and more. She desires to freeze moments in time for her clients to memorize. She has become a trailblazer of her generation, which she doesn't take for granted. She uses each opportunity to be a blessing to others. Kandi Kam Photography is based out of North Alabama and Atlanta, Georgia. Accomplishments - Featured on 304+ News Stations and Magazines

I absolutely love the work that they did. I felt so heard when I gave my list of shots I wanted. I love the sneak peeks I got (the very next day) they were stunning and I’m so excited to see the other photos. Definitely highly recommend them. They are well worth their price.
Victoria C., 10 months ago
Quick responder
Mary Kate Photography 

5.0

Valley Lee, MD
  • Editorial style
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV for additional fees

Hi, I'm Mary Kate, a wedding photographer based in DC, dedicated to capturing the love and emotion of your special day. With a love for storytelling, I create timeless images that couples will cherish forever. My approach focuses on making you feel comfortable and at ease, ensuring that your wedding day is as stress-free and enjoyable as possible. My goal is to document your wedding in a way that reflects your personality and love story, creating a visual narrative that you'll treasure for years to come.

I can’t say enough good things about Mary Kate! She did both my engagement and wedding day photos. We booked her when she was somewhat new to shooting weddings, but you never would have known because she’s a pro! My pictures are so beautiful they brought me to tears. She’s so easy to work with and makes the whole process a breeze. She comes with her own ideas but also gives you the opportunity to share your own on what kind of pictures you want. I highly recommend!
Courtney & A., 2 years ago
GemHidden gem
Leigh Anne Brader Photography, LLC 

5.0

Frederick, MD
  • Editorial style
  • Starts at $3,900
  • Serves Glen Dale, WV

Vintage film-inspired family, boudoir, & wedding photography for passionate, creative people. Located in Frederick, Maryland, available worldwide. Hi, I'm Leigh Anne! As a kid, I never imagined myself as a photographer. I always wanted to be a teacher, but I loved looking through my parents' shoeboxes full of prints and developed a passion for photography. Those vintage photographs inspired the editing style that I use today.

Leigh Anne Brader Photography, LLC I think you’ve been waiting about just as long as me for this day, and to have you there as our third wheel was a comfort I couldn’t have done without. Every stage and season of life, you’ve been there by our sides! We already know you’re the best- and can’t wait to see the photos! Thank you and Viv so so much, for everything!
Hayley S., 7 months ago

Location flexible? Discover photographers near Glen Dale, WV

Quick responder
Maggie Ann Photography

5.0 (8)

Cranberry Township, PA
Quick responder
Jovan Kiah & Co Photography

5.0 (6)

Avon, IN
Quick responder
Sevi Kontokanis Photography

5.0 (1)

Lakewood, OH
Quick responder
Kristie Montrois Weddings & Portraits

5.0 (7)

Aliquippa, PA
Offer
TrendlineTrending
Courtney Crawford Photography

5.0 (1)

Louisville, KY
Quick responder
Diana Marie Photography

5.0 (16)

White House, TN
Offer
Quick responder
Jenni Summer Studios

5.0 (6)

Carlsbad, CA
Quick responder
Luna + Lion Photo Co

5.0 (5)

Mount Vernon, WA
Quick responder
Leah Flores Photography

5.0 (14)

Portland, OR
Quick responder
Lucia Giuseppina Photography

5.0 (10)

Snohomish, WA
Quick responder
MaddyKate Photography

5.0 (9)

Talent, OR

Get inspired by real weddings in Glen Dale, WV

View all real weddings in Glen Dale, WV

About wedding photographers in Glen Dale, WV

How much does a wedding photographer typically cost in Glen Dale, WV?

A Glen Dale, WV wedding photographer ranges from $250 to $6,300 and averages at $2,500. The cost reflects the number of hours included, if there is a second photographer, any prints or albums, and, most importantly, the experience of the photographer. But every snapshot they take is a priceless memory of your big day — way better than your bestie's blurry smartphone pics, right?

Do most photographers include a second photographer?

99% of photographers in Glen Dale, WV offer a second photographer, although it typically depends on the package you book! Second photographers are helpful because one person can’t be everywhere at once, and the second photographer ensures all the details are covered.

Which are the most popular photographers in Glen Dale, WV?

Some of the most popular photographers in this area include Darby Doll Photography LLC, Imagesxpert Media and Ashley Cynthia Photography.

What else should I keep in mind when booking a wedding photographer?

Are you interested in an engagement shoot as a test run? Drone photography? Wedding albums? All helpful things to ask about when you’re considering which wedding photographer to book!

What types of photographers are in Glen Dale, WV?

What other Glen Dale vendors will I need?

What other photographers are nearby?

What other wedding services are nearby?